Economic Underpinnings of Biodiversity
Biodiversity's contributions to the economy, often summarised under the term 'ecosystem services' and 'natural capital', are vast and varied.
These services range from
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- provisioning (e.g., food, fiber, medicine)
- regulating (e.g., climate regulation, flood control),
- supporting (e.g., soil formation, nutrient cycling),
- offering cultural (e.g., recreational) services.
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) initiatives have extensively documented these benefits, highlighting how ecosystems' health directly influences economic prosperity and sustainability. The economic implications of biodiversity loss are stark.
According to a World Economic Forum report, over half of the world’s GDP is moderately or highly dependent on nature and its services, underscoring the immense economic risk posed by biodiversity decline.
This loss threatens food security, increases vulnerability to natural disasters, and escalates healthcare costs, among other impacts. Consequently, maintaining biodiversity is not an optional ethical choice but a fundamental economic imperative.
When discussing the topic, the following economic realities must be taken into account:
- USD 44 trillion of global economic value generation (52% of the world’s GDP) is highly or moderately dependent on nature
- Fastest-growing economies are particularly exposed to nature loss (e.g., Indonesia, India)
- China (USD 2.7T), EU (USD 2.4T), and the US (USD 2.1T) have the highest absolute amounts of GDP in nature-dependent sectors
Sources: World Economic Forum ; OECD iLibrary
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Biodiversity as an Investment Imperative
Opportunities abound for those who want to invest in sustainable practices and technologies that support biodiversity conservation. Fields such as sustainable agriculture, green infrastructure, conservation finance[1], and the growing bioeconomy[2] are areas ready for investment. These not only offer financial returns but also contribute significantly to ecological resilience. This also aligns with growing trends toward sustainability and social responsibility in the investment community. Initiatives like the Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI) and the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) are guiding investors on how to integrate biodiversity considerations into their decision-making processes. By doing so, investors not only mitigate risks but also capitalise on the growing demand for sustainable and responsible investment options.
Integrating Biodiversity into the Investment Process
Investors are urged to integrate biodiversity considerations into their investment strategies, assessing both the risks and impacts of their portfolios on biodiversity. This involves targeting sectors and engaging with companies to improve biodiversity performance and investing directly in projects that promote conservation and sustainable land management. Regulators are increasingly recognising the importance of biodiversity, prompting investors to align with policies supporting conservation and sustainable resource use. Furthermore, by making biodiversity a core part of the investment process, investors can drive corporate behavior towards more sustainable practices and contribute to global conservation efforts. Engaging with companies on biodiversity issues encourages transparency and accountability, leading to better risk management and investment decisions.
The Call to Action for Investors
The urgency to act is now. Investors play a crucial role in shaping the future of our planet's biodiversity. By incorporating biodiversity considerations into their portfolios, investors can drive corporate behavior towards more sustainable practices, influence policy frameworks, and contribute to global efforts to halt biodiversity loss. Investors should start by assessing the biodiversity impact of their investments and engaging with companies to improve biodiversity performance.
These steps can be achieved through strategic planning. At Rothschild & Co. Bank, we are well-positioned to facilitate and support these initiatives. Here's a guideline on how Rothschild & Co approaches this: